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List of Nursing Diagnosis for Pleural Effusion

A pleural effusion is an abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space resulting from excess fluid production or decreased absorption or both. Various kinds of pleural effusion, depending on the nature of the fluid and what caused its entry into the pleural space, are hydrothorax (serous fluid), hemothorax (blood), chylothorax (chyle), or pyothorax (pus). Pneumothorax is the accumulation of air in the pleural space.

Some of the more common causes are:
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Pneumonia
  • Liver disease (cirrhosis)
  • End-stage renal disease
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Cancer
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Lupus and other autoimmune conditions

Symptoms of pleural effusions may include:
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain, especially on breathing in deeply (pleurisy, or pleuritic pain)
  • Fever
  • Cough
Nursing Diagnosis that may arise in patients with pleural effusion include:

1. Ineffective breathing pattern related to the decline in lung expansion secondary to the buildup of fluid in the pleural cavity (Tucleer Susan Martin, et al, 1998).

2. Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements related to an increase in metabolism, digestion appetite of respiratory failure secondary to suppression of abdominal structure (Barbara Engram, 1993).

3. Anxiety related to the threat of death imaginable (inability to breathe).

4. Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to persistent cough and shortness of breath as well as changes in the atmosphere (Barbara Engram).

5. Activity Intolerance related to fatigue (poor physical state) (Susan Martin Tucleer, et al, 1998).

6. Knowledge Deficit : about the condition , treatment rules related to lack of information displayed (Barbara Engram, 1993).