Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease worsens, non-motor symptoms become more common. The most obvious early symptoms are tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking. Cognitive and behavioral problems may also occur with depression, anxiety, and apathy occurring in many people with PD. Parkinson's disease dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease. Those with Parkinson's can also have problems with their sleep and sensory systems. The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain, leading to a dopamine deficit. The cause of this cell death is poorly understood, but involves the build-up of misfolded proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons. Collectively, the main motor symptoms are also known as parkinsonism or a parkinsonian syndrome.
The cause of PD is unknown, with both inherited and environmental factors being believed to play a role. Those with a family member affected by PD are at an increased risk of getting the disease, with certain genes known to be inheritable risk factors. Other risk factors are those who have been exposed to certain pesticides and who have prior head injuries. Tobacco smokers and coffee and tea drinkers are at a reduced risk.
1. Impaired Physical Mobility related to stiffness and muscle weakness
2. Self-care Deficit related to neuromuscular weakness, decreased strength, loss of muscle control / coordination
3. Impaired Bowel Elimination: Constipation related to medication and decreased activity
4. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements related to tremor, slowing the process of eating, difficulty chewing and swallowing
5. Impaired verbal communication related to the decrease in the volume of speech, delayed speech, inability to move facial muscles
6. Ineffective individual coping related to depression and dysfunction due to disease progression
7. Knowledge Deficit related to information resources inadequate maintenance procedures.
Source : http://nandanursingdiagnoses.blogspot.com/2012/08/7-nanda-nursing-diagnosis-for.html